Air flow meter | Pronunciation table of 26 letters in words | Mass flowmeter

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1. Identify the similarities and differences between the International Phonetic Alphabet and the English Phonetic Alphabet. The British pronunciation is based on the English Pronouncing Dictionary. They represent the pronunciation known as Received Pronunciation (RP), which is commonly used among educated Britons, especially those in southern England. The American pronunciation represents one (sometimes two) commonly used pronunciation among Americans, usually indicated by the KK phonetic symbol, which was developed by American linguists John S. Kenyon and Thomas A Knott. In British English, read the letter [C], while in American English, read [a:]. What to read in British English [wCt], American English [wa: t]. As early as 1888, linguists from the International Phonetic Association developed a set of internationally recognized phonetic symbols called the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), hoping to represent one sound with one symbol and avoid inconvenience caused by using ones own set of symbols. The most common phonetic symbols in domestic English dictionaries are the International Phonetic Alphabet (DJ) with British pronunciation and the KK with American pronunciation. The former is based on Daniel Jones English Pronouncing Dictionary (1963), while the latter is based on John S. Kenyon&Thomas A. Knotts American Pronouncing Dictionary (1956). It is worth mentioning that the symbols used in the KK phonetic alphabet are all derived from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols mentioned earlier, and Kenyon&Knott only extracted the symbols applicable to American English. The creation of the International Phonetic Alphabet, originally meaning "International Phonetic Alphabet" or IPA, was developed by the International Phonetic Association. In 1888, initiated by H Sylvester of Britain and completed by P~Parsi of France and D~Jones of Britain, it was published in the Journal of Speech Teachers (the predecessor of the International Phonetic Association, the Speech Teachers Association), which was the first International Phonetic Alphabet in history. After multiple revisions, the current version is the one revised in 1979. The symbol explanation of the International Phonetic Alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet, but due to significant differences in human speech, the limited Latin alphabet is far from sufficient. Therefore, methods such as changing the shape and borrowing letters from other languages are used to supplement it. In terms of pronunciation, in order to accommodate habits, most symbols are based on the principle of still reading the original pronunciation of Latin or other languages. Therefore, in the form of the International Phonetic Alphabet, lowercase printing of Latin letters (Roman letters) is mainly used, such as [a, b, c, d, f, g, h, i, j, k, p], etc. When insufficient, the following methods can be used to supplement:

(1) Latin capital printing or writing (cursive), such as small capital printing [N, R, I, H, G, B], etc; Grass body [a] Grass A, [ʋ] Grass V, [] Grass G;

(2) Transformation or inversion of Latin letters, such as inverted [ə], etc; Deformation [ɕ] curled tail c, [ɖ] right curved tail d, [ŋ] long right leg N, etc. (3) Borrowing letters from other languages, such as [ε] (the 5th letter of Greek (E)), [θ] the 8th letter of Greek, etc.

(4) New letters, such as [] glottal stop, [5], etc.

(5) Add small symbols to letters, such as: [ū] with horizontal U, [ł] with waistb

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